海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林生理生态功能群特征

在海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林,野外测定获得3个与植物-大气相互作用直接相关的生理生态特性指标(最大净光合速率、最大气孔导度和比叶面积),应用等级聚类分析和NMS排序方法对热带山地雨林的主要植物进行功能群划分,分析热带山地雨林4个演替阶段(初期、早期、中期和后期)生理生态功能群组成及其动态规律。结果表明:海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林的87个主要植物种类可划分为8个功能群,检验结果显示功能群间存在显著差异,而功能群内同质性较高;功能群的丰富度及相对多度在不同演替阶段差异显著;功能群的丰富度在演替初期最低,演替早、中期最高,演替后期略有降低;演替初期的优势功能群光合能力强,水分利用效率低,演替早、中期的优势功能群光合能力、水分利用效率均为中等;演替后期的优势功能群光合能力偏低,水分利用效率高。     

浙江舟山岛松材线虫入侵后松林群落的自然演替和特征

对舟山岛21个松材线虫病入侵前的马尾松林、黑松林进行典型样地调查,根据更新层树种的重要值采用模糊聚类结果划分为7种演替类群,与17年后对不同演替类群具代表性样地的复查结果比较分析,并综合群落的组成结构、动态特征、树种生态生物学特性、更新树种植株结构以及立地条件、海拔等因子,确定舟山岛松林近阶段的演替结果分别为白栎、枫香占优势的落叶阔叶林,枫香、白栎、苦槠或石栎、四川山矾、栓皮栎占优势的常绿落叶阔叶混交林,马尾松、黄檀、山合欢占优势的针阔混交林,枫香或朴树占优势的落叶阔叶林(疏林),白栎占优势的萌生灌丛和柃木占优势的常绿灌丛。研究结果说明松材线虫病发生迹地的植物群落自然演替具有一定的方向性和确定性。可针对松材线虫病为害后林分不同的演替趋势、立地条件和培育目的,应用本文的预测和林相修复技术及早采取封育、人工造林等措施恢复植被;同时,依据本文总结的演替规律,通过前期的调查和分类,可以较快推测和诊断出演替的过程和结果,从而及早在松材线虫病大面积发生后,根据不同的演替方向进行人工干预和规划。     

Distribution, habitat and biomass of Pittosporum undulatum, the most important woody plant invader in the Azores Archipelago

Pittosporum undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae) is a tree or shrub native to Australia introduced in the Azores Islands in the 19th century, presently naturalized in the nine islands. According to a random survey of vascular plants in the Azores, the invader is present throughout the archipelago, in 62% of 547 1-km² samples. It was found in pure or mixed stands, forming groups and also as isolated trees. P. undulatum was frequently found in native scrubland (62%), mixed woodland (39%) and hedgerows (25%). The altitudinal range extended from sea level up to about 800 m a.s.l., with the highest frequency between 100 and 400 m. The woody species more strongly associated with P. undulatum included characteristic native and endemic species as well as non-indigenous and invasive taxa. Based on a forest inventory, 49% of the forested area in the Azores, about 24,000 ha, is occupied by P. undulatum. Considerable areas inside Island Natural Parks are covered by this species. The estimated annual P. undulatum biomass production in the Azores might range from only about 150 Mg in the small island of Corvo up to more than 60,000 Mg in Pico Island. The heating value of its wood and its chemical composition make it a good candidate for use in combustion or gasification processes. Since there are no resources available to control this large-scale invasion, using P. undulatum biomass for energy production might be an important factor to stimulate the progressive and sustainable cutting of its stands and its replacement by Macaronesian species.     

A comparative study of mangrove ? oras in China and India

Species compositions in the mangrove habitats of China and India, especially on Hainan Island (China) and on the Sundarbans and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (India), are of interest, showing several similarities and differences. The total mangrove areas of India cover about 6419 km 2 with 43 species (23 major and 20 minor species), while the mangrove areas of China cover about 150 km 2 with 26 speices (19 major and 7 minor speices). We carried out a comparison of mangrove floras in the Indian Sundarbans, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and in Hainan Island. The mangrove areas of the Indian Sundarbans comprise about 66.5% of the total Indian mangroves, presently covering an area of 4267 km 2 with 35 species from 22 genera and 16 families. There are 34 species from 17 genera and 13 families in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Hainan Island is considered a distribution center of mangroves; it has the largest number of mangrove species in China, i.e., 25 species from 15 genera and 12 families, accounting for about 96% of the total number of mangrove species in China. The mangroves of Hainan Island and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands belong to island types, while those of Sundarbans belong to inter-tidal deltaic types. Differences in soil type, rainfall, temperature, tidal fluctuation and other climatic features possibly cause variations in floristic composition of these regions.     

基于多源空间数据的"三生"空间异质性评价与分区划定

为优化"三生"空间评价方法体系,探索海南岛"三生"空间聚集性与协调度特征并制定有效的空间分区方案,该研究从空间异质性角度出发,采用多源空间数据从栅格尺度上对同地类不同地块的"三生"空间功能进行评价,再通过空间自相关及三角坐标图分析乡镇尺度上"三生"空间的聚集性与协调度特征,并为国土空间优化提供相关分区方案。结果表明:1)海南岛生产空间高分值区域集中分布在沿海市县,呈"四周高、中间低,北部高、南部低"的分布特征,且城镇生产空间与农业生产空间有所差异;生活空间高分值区域多集中在各市县城镇范围内,整体呈"小集聚、大分散"的空间格局;生态空间高分值区域集中在中部地区,呈"中间高、四周低,南部高、北部低"的分布格局。2)乡镇尺度上海南岛生产、生活、生态空间功能值的Moran’sI指数分别为0.569,0.221和0.716,表现出空间自相关性特征,据此面向全岛提出基于空间聚集性的"三生"空间分区方案。3)海南岛各乡镇"三生"空间存在较大的协调度差异,高值区以生态主导和"三生"协调型为主,分别占乡镇总数的51.72%与43.97%;低值区则以生态主导型为主,占乡镇总数的72.41%,据此面向全岛提出基于空间协调度的"三生"空间分区方案。该研究有效识别了同地类不同地块"三生"空间的异质性,并从空间聚集性与协调度视角提出"三生"空间分区管制方案,能够为当前国土空间优化提供参考。     

The effects of extreme forest fragmentation on the bird community of Singapore Island

Singapore Island suffered one of the highest known deforestation rates in the tropics from the mid-to-late 19th century when over 95% of its native lowland forest was cleared. We compared the current bird community structure and composition among three habitat types, i.e., old (>50 years, 7-935 ha) and young (?50 years, 29-49 ha) naturally regenerating secondary forests and abandoned wooded plantations (27-102 ha) dominated by exotic species. Forest patch area had the strongest influence on the current species richness. The overall bird richness was not greater in most mature forest patches, but 20 species were only found in the old secondary forests and five of these were found in <50% of these patches. The rapid decrease in the number of forest species in plantations was offset by an increase in the number of open habitat species. Comparisons with current bird communities in nearby mainland forest sites (Peninsular Malaysia) suggest that the forest avifauna of Singapore is depauperate. The preservation of larger mature and maturing forests is therefore required for conserving the extant forest avifauna in Singapore. Connecting isolated patches can also be envisioned to facilitate movements of forest birds that have low densities and restricted distribution.     

长兴岛周边海域夏季渔业资源现状初步调查

于2010年6月和8月采用底拖网对长兴岛周边海域的渔业资源进行了调查。结果表明：该海域有游泳动物38种,其中鱼类21种,虾类7种,蟹类6种,头足类4种;6月优势种为焦氏舌鳎、口虾蛄、日本蝇、长蛸、许氏平鱼由和大泷六线鱼,8月优势种为矛尾嘏虎鱼、口虾蛄、黄鲅鲸、日本蜉、焦氏舌鳎、葛氏长臂虾、斑纹蛳子鱼和细纹鲫子鱼。生物多样性评价结果表明,物种多样性指数从1992年的2．53降到现在的1．83,渔业资源群落结构发生了较大变化,种类减少,种的均衡性变差。     

海南岛外来人侵危险性动植物名录(二)

根据查阅相关文献报道及实地调查结果,总结了截止目前入侵海南岛并对其生态环境造成危害的的外来动物共21种,简要介绍其发源地、分类地位、分布及危害。     

人畜饮水蓄水池的改进方案——以山东省小钦岛地区为例

无地下淡水的海岛地区,淡水资源十分匮乏,传统的蓄水池难以全面而又安全的满足岛区人民生产生活以及人畜饮水的基本需要。笔者针对传统蓄水池的汲水方法中难以监测水位、水泵置位深度不定等特点,试在传统水泵控制器基础上添加了一些简单的分立元件,达到自动测定水位,并根据水位情况自动调控水泵汲水的目的,以方便对蓄积水的监测和使用。     

舟山市白沙岛海洋牧场建设现状分析及发展对策研究

指出了海洋牧场建设成为引领世界新技术革命、发展低碳经济的一个重要载体、阐述了国内外海洋牧场的发展状况,并探讨了舟山市白沙岛海洋牧场的建设现状和未来发展趋势。